Panel PCA biplot with DMU trajectories

For panel (long-format) DEA data, computes a single principal-component embedding of the pooled, standardised inputs and outputs (so the axes and loading vectors are fixed), then draws each DMU's path through time as a connected trajectory. Points are coloured by a DEA efficiency score and the arrow on each trajectory points from the earliest to the latest period.

Usage

plot_panel_io_biplot(
  panel_data,
  inputs = NULL,
  outputs = NULL,
  id = "Label",
  period = "Period",
  color = c("crs", "vrs"),
  orientation = "in",
  vector_size = 1,
  transparency = 0.7,
  fade = TRUE,
  labels = "none",
  max.overlaps.value = 10,
  period_labels = FALSE,
  size_by_efficiency = FALSE,
  subtitle = NULL,
  title = NULL,
  interactive = FALSE,
  ...
)

Arguments

panel_data: A data frame in long format (one row per DMU-period), or a dea_panel_data object – in which case inputs, outputs, id and period are taken from the object and those arguments are ignored.
inputs, outputs: Optional input/output column selectors, given either as character names or as integer column positions (e.g. inputs = 3:5). If NULL (default), columns are recognised by the i_ and o_ prefixes, as in dea_data.
id, period: The identifier and period columns, given as a name or an integer position (default "Label" and "Period").
color: Efficiency model for point colour, computed per period: "crs" (default) or "vrs".
orientation: Measurement orientation for the efficiency scores.
vector_size: Positive multiplier scaling the loading vectors.
transparency: Point opacity. Either a single number in [0, 1] (constant alpha, default 0.7) or the string "efficiency", in which case point alpha is mapped to the efficiency score (more efficient DMUs drawn more opaque).
fade: Controls the single-DMU focus view. When one DMU is given to labels, all other marks (and, for the network plots, everything outside that DMU's sub-network; for the panel biplot, the other trajectories) are faded so the chosen DMU stands out. TRUE (default) uses a sensible fade level; FALSE disables it; a single number in [0, 1] sets the alpha of the faded marks directly, where larger values fade them less (e.g. 0.4 leaves them more visible).
labels: Which DMU trajectories to label at their latest period. One of "none" (default, no labels), "all" (label every DMU, with ggrepel max.overlaps = Inf), "max.overlaps" (label with ggrepel using max.overlaps.value), or the name/id of a single DMU to highlight just that one. Use "id" to print each DMU's row number inside its own marker.
max.overlaps.value: Passed to ggrepel when labels = "max.overlaps" (default 10); larger values keep more crowded labels.
period_labels: Logical; if TRUE each point is labelled with its period. Default FALSE.
size_by_efficiency: Logical; if TRUE point size grows with the efficiency score. Default FALSE.
subtitle: Optional subtitle shown beneath the title.
title: Optional plot title.
interactive: Logical; static ggplot2 (default) or interactive plotly.
...: Additional arguments passed to geom_point.

Value

A ggplot2 object, or a plotly object when interactive = TRUE.

Examples

# Real multi-period example: 22 Taiwanese banks over 2009-2011.
# Columns can be given by position (inputs are columns 3-5, outputs 6-8) ...
pd <- dea_panel_data(taiwanese_banks, inputs = 3:5, outputs = 6:8,
                     id = "DMU", period = "Year")
plot_panel_io_biplot(pd, labels = "Cathay")

plot_panel_io_biplot(
  taiwanese_banks, id = "DMU", period = "Year",
  inputs = 3:5, outputs = 6:8, labels = "Cathay"
)


# ... or by name, with the loading vectors and a single bank's trajectory.
plot_panel_io_biplot(
  taiwanese_banks, id = "DMU", period = "Year",
  inputs  = c("labour", "physical_capital", "purchased_funds"),
  outputs = c("demand_deposits", "short_term_loans", "long_term_loans"),
  transparency = "efficiency", labels = "all"
)


# A toy long-format frame using the i_/o_ prefix convention also works.
panel <- data.frame(
  Label  = rep(paste0("D", 1:4), each = 3),
  Period = rep(2019:2021, times = 4),
  i_x1   = c(4,5,5, 7,6,6, 8,8,7, 4,3,4),
  i_x2   = c(3,3,2, 3,4,3, 1,2,2, 2,2,1),
  o_y    = c(5,6,7, 8,8,9, 6,6,7, 7,8,8)
)
plot_panel_io_biplot(panel, labels = "D2")   # highlight a single DMU

Usage

Arguments

Value

See also

Examples